Na današnji dan
(Pod)sjećanje na dan kada je Tito postao predjednik
Narodna skupština FNRJ izglasala je Ustavni zakon kojim je uvedeno društveno vlasništvo i samoupravljanje proizvodjača. Umjesto vlada i ministarstava uvedena su izvršna vijeća i državni sekretarijati. Prvi predsjednik Saveznog izvršnog vijeća postao je Josip Broz Tito, koji je do tada bio premijer
Tito je prethodno
obavljao funkciju premijera, a na predsjedničkoj funkciji, tokom koje je do
Ustavnog zakona bio predsjednik Predsjedništva Narodne skupštine Jugoslavije,
naslijedio je Ivana Ribara, postavši ujedno i predsjednik SIV-a.
Ustavnim zakonom iz (14. januara) 1953.
Jugoslavija je proglašena socijalističkom, demokratskom saveznom državom
suverenih i ravnopravnih naroda. Sva vlast u zemlji je pripadala radnom narodu
preko predstavnika u raznim tijelima, kao i neposredno – izborima, opozivom
predstavnika, zborovima, savjetima i drugim oblicima samoupravljanja, koje je
proglašeno za osnov čitavog uređenja.
U skladu s ustavnim
načelom o uvođenju samoupravljanja u javne službe, Osnovnom uredbom o
ustanovama sa samostalnim finansiranjem bilo je predviđeno da su javne službe
komunalne, kulturne, prosvjetne, zdravstvene i društvene djelatnosti, kao i
djelatnosti kojima je cilj zadovoljavanje opštih potreba naroda ili unapređenje
pojedinih grana uprave ili ekonomije. Ovo je poslužilo i kao osnov za donošenje
posebnih propisa u javne službe, u koje su uvrštene i neke ekonomske
djelatnosti, npr. željeznice, PTT, snabdijevanje električnom energijom itd.
Kasnije je Zakon o javnim službama iz 1957. ukupan rad državnih tijela tretirao
kao „javne službe“.
Osnovama političkog i
društvenog uređenja proglašene su društvena svojina na sredstvima za proizvodnju,
samoupravljanje proizvođača u privredi, samoupravljanje radnog naroda u
opštini, gradu i srezu i samoupravljanje radnog naroda u oblasti prosvjete,
kulture i socijalnih službi.
Na polju predstavničkog
tijela ovo se ogledalo u uvođenju Vijeća proizvođača, kao doma predstavnika
profesija, pored političkog doma. Napušten je princip dihotomne podjele vlasti,
a Savezna narodna skupština proglašena je za vrhovnog predstavnika narodnog
suvereniteta i najviši organ vlasti federacije.
Do tada postojeći najviši
izvršni organi, Prezidijum Narodne skupštine FNRJ i Vlada FNRJ zamijenjeni su
sa dva izvršna organa Savezne narodne skupštin – Predsjednikom republike i
Saveznim izvršnim vijećem (SIV), koji su skupštini bili odgovorni za rad. Predsjednik
republike bio je ujedno i predsjednik SIV-a.
Takođe je napušten i
demokratski centralizam, povećana su prava republika i autonomnih oblasti, a u
opštini, gradu i srezu uvedeno je samoupravljanje.
Potpredsjednici Saveznog
vijeća bili su Edvard Kardelj, Aleksandar Ranković, Moša Pijade I Milovan
Đilas, sekretar je bio Veljko Zeković, izborni članovi Ljubčo Arsov, Spasenija
Babović, Jakov Blažević, Rodoljub Čolaković, Uglješa Danilović, Franjo Gaži,
Strahil Gigov, Ivan Gošnjak, Avdo Humo, Osman Karabegović, Boris Kidrič, Sava
Kosanović, Ivan Krajačić, Boris Krajger, Vicko Krstulović, Franc Leskošek, Ivan
Maček, Momčilo Marković, Božidar Maslarić, Miloš Minić, Slobodan Penezić, Krsto
Popivoda, Koča Popović, Milentije Popović, Dobrivoje Radosavljević, Đuro Salaj,
Vidoe Smilevski, Mijalko Todorović, Cvetko Uzunovski, Jovan Veselinov, Svetozar
Vukmanović, Vlada Zečević, a članovi na osnovu čl. 82 Ustavnog zakona Petar
Stambolić, dr Vladimir Bakarić, Miha Marinko, Lazar Koliševski, Đuro Pucar i
Blažo Jovanović.
Resori u Saveznom vijeću
bili su državni sekretarijati i to Državni sekretarijat za inostrane poslove,
Državni sekretarijat za poslove narodne odbrane, Državni sekretarijat za
poslove budžeta i državnu administraciju, Državni sekretarijat za unutrašnje
poslove i Državni sekretarijat za poslove narodne privrede.
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